TYPES OF QUALITATIVE METHODOLOGY

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There are two most common qualitative methodology these are the case study and ethnographic study. 

Case study

Case study is one of the most familiar qualitative methodology used to probe the condition of a particular organization, individual, and entity by amalgamating all the information about the unit being studied. According to Johnson and Christensen (2000) a case study is a bounded system that tells a story to ascertain what complex things recur within that system. Based on Merriam-Webster, Stake (2008, pp. 119-120) stated that this bounded system also known as functioning unit is the very individual unit. Corresponding to this Flyvberg (2011) views Merriam-Webster's definition as explicit, simple and forthright, which defines a case study as a profound analysis of a unit of any subject bearing on developmental factors and environment. Sarantakos, 1993 asserts that a case study serves not merely as a supplemental methodology but an indispensable and unfettered research model. This study encompasses an organization, entities, individual, and events and its main criteria is based on social reality that includes openness, communicability, naturality, and interpretability. Significantly, in case study only the interpreted reality is ultimately meaningful. There are specific types of case study, these are: the intrinsic which is for distinct case, Instrumental a study conducted based on another previous case, and the collective case study which has multiple case designs manifested through its primary procedures that comprise of overview of the case, field procedures, objectives, and the guidelines in preparing for the report. 


Ethnographic study

Ethnographic study focuses on the context and culture of the subject being studied; The researcher in this anthropological study aims to understand the challenges, practices, language and customs of a particular individual or group by immersing themselves in the participants’ environment. According to Johnson and Christensen, 2000 ethnographic study is a profound study of the language and culture of a specific group of people. Ethnographers studies the social relationship and cultural behavior of an ethnic group and the gathered data is being analyzed. Its paramount consideration is to understand its integral views as well as its conveyed and characterized way of living (Tan, 2006). Ethnography applies holistic approach because human behavior has to be perceived within the context of the entire system requiring them to adapt to the environment of their target participants that can also be found in remote areas. Sarantakos, 1993 stated that one cannot study language without the presence of ethnic’s culture that is because culture constitutes language. Oftentimes in ethnographic studies, language is examined within cultural gatherings like weddings, feast, rituals, spiritual supplication, burials and others where wider interaction occurs. In most cases ethnographers live together with the informants, experiencing and interfacing with them for a period time to have an in-depth observation of their natural setting. In accordance with this, current linguistic ethnographers who seek to understand the linguistic phenomenon experienced by the teachers and students would take a long period of time immersing themselves in an ESL classroom.




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Location: Zamboanga, Philippines

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